The Italian Renaissance - 870 Words

During the 14th century, Italy was divided into many self-governing city sates. Florence, an independent republic and third largest city in Europe at the time, was the motherland of the Italian Renaissance. This was an enlightening time of â€Å"rebirth† that began directly after the Middle Ages (History.com Staff). Florence was the birthplace of the Renaissance due to its location, prosperity, and cultural amalgamation. WHY IS ITS LOCATION SO SPECIAL - why not somewhere else? Italy consisted of communes, or city-states, ruled by an individual or a solitary family, with a democratic government and an abundant amount of educated citizens. The governmental system was not a true democracy, however, since only wealthy men were allowed to vote. As time progressed though, the common people began to have more governmental power, due to emerging social and economic freedoms. There were three main social levels at that time: the upper class, being businessmen and merchants, the middle class, formed from educated townsfolk, and the lower class, comprised of artisans and craftsmen (Walker 7-8). Because of its location, Florence was home to many wealthy citizens. Florence became the cultural capital of Europe due to aristocrats exhibiting their prominence by supporting artists and philosophers who studied ancient Greece and Rome (History.com Staff). Italians considered their rebirth to be both an emergence from the dearth of culture in the Dark Ages and a new beginning altogether, builtShow MoreRelatedThe Italian Renaissance And The Renaissance1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Italian Renaissance was an explosion of art, writing, and thought, that roughly lasted between 1300 to 1600. In this time each citizen, countrymen, or villager had and performed different jobs and careers. Humanism the study of Greek and Roman writings, art, and architecture, initially jump started the Renaissance, and the need for art. Artists now were inspired to use life like art and linear perspective, so art seemed and was more realistic. The start of the Italian Renaissance was theRead MoreThe I talian Renaissance And The Renaissance1158 Words   |  5 PagesThe Renaissance period is known for the revival of the classical art and intellect born in ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance is also a time that is marked by growth, exploration, and rebirth. The Italian Renaissance started in Florence and progressively made its way into Venice and then into the great city of Rome. During the Renaissance, Rome was home to some of the renowned works of art and the finest architectural masterpieces in the world - too many that still holds true today. Along withRead MoreImpact Of The Italian Renaissance1387 Words   |  6 Pagesdisappearance of the Roman Empire, the Italian Renaissance was introduced to the European culture. The Italian Renaissance was the revival of the Greek and Roman cultures in forms of art, education, and literature. The Renaissance originally began in Florence, Italy during the time of 14 A.D and eventually began to expand throughout western and northern Eur ope in 15 A.D. The rebirthing of these ancient cultures brought much awareness and knowledge to the Italian society and resulted in change in theirRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Italian Renaissance1299 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Italian Renaissance Renaissance means rebirth in the French language, the renaissance happened between the fifteenth century and sixteenth century. Beginning in Italy, the Renaissance was an era that rediscovered the culture of ancient Greece and Rome in the fourteenth century and witnessed a continuation of the economic, political, and social trends. Jacob Burck-hardt, a swiss historian and art critic, created the Renaissance in his celebrated book The Civilization of the Renaissance in ItalyRead More the arts in Italian Renaissance Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pages The Italian Renaissance was a very difficult time period in European history. The arts were flourishing, while the city-states in Italy fought bloody battles with each other and within themselves. Bribery and murder were not uncommon tools for men to use when they wanted power. Meanwhile those same rulers patronized the arts a great deal and they would commission the best artistic minds of the time to build, design and paint their palaces and churches and later on their own portraits andRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Northern and Italian Renaissance807 Words   |  4 PagesItalian High Renaissance artists achieved ideal of harmony and balance comparable with the works of ancient Greece or Rome. Renaissance Classicism was a form of art that removed the extraneous detail and showed the world as it was. Forms, colors and proportions, light and shade effects, spatial harmony, composition, perspective, anatomy - all are handled with total control and a level of accomplishment for which there are no real precedents. Leonardo da Vinci was a Florentine artist, one of theRead MoreEssay about Italian and Northern European Renaissance758 Words   |  4 PagesItalian and Northern European Renaissance The Italian and Northern Europe Renaissances were both an important mark in history by changing the ideals of life, thought, culture, and art of the people’s of this time. In this paper I will explain the motive for change in these cultures, including the similarities and differences of the two cultures. The Italian and Northern European Renaissance was the marking point for leaving behind the old ways and moving into the more classicalRead MoreThe Act of Sodomy in Florence during the Italian Renaissance1839 Words   |  7 PagesThe Act of Sodomy in Florence During the Italian Renaissance During the Italian Renaissance, the sexual environment of fifteenth-century Florentine society is described as Florentine men partaking in some kind of same-sex experience. These same-sex acts were not just wrong doings, but a fundamental part of Florentine masculine identity. More specifically I will focus on sodomy, the act of anal or oral sex, which can be heterosexual or homosexual. What I will be analyzing in this paper is the termRead MoreIndependent Women Courtesans in the Italian Renaissance Essay2465 Words   |  10 PagesIndependent Women Courtesans in the Italian Renaissance Prostitution is normally thought of as anyone who sells his or her body for money. In this century, no distinction is put on the class level of the prostitute or on how much or how little he or she earns, they are still considered just a common prostitute. This was not true of 16th century Italy, though. In this age, prostitution was a legal business and class lines were of great importance. At the top of this list were the honestRead MoreThe Annunciation Explored through the Era of Italian Renaissance2314 Words   |  10 PagesChristian iconography. This essay will explore the depiction of the Annunciation and symbolism in the period of the Italian Renaissance and pay particular attention towards the development of the focus on spiritualism towards naturalism through the refined language of expression and gesture from the 14th century to the late 15th century. As a student of Duccio di Buoninsegna who was an Italian artist and actively worked in the city of Siena, Tuscany, Simone Martinis most famous painting The Annunciation

The Effects Of Advertising On Our Society - 947 Words

Introduction: Communication is one of the crucial ways to send your message across or enhance your knowledge. And now we have several options available to us to get connected to this world and to know what is going on. And one of the most popular and common method to convey your message to an audience is advertisement. Advertising is a form of art that advertisers used to persuade a common mind and change the opinion of that person about particular product or to introduce him with a new product. As living this fast pace life when nobody can afford to spend their precious time to look for new trends and impressive innovation, but at the same time want to meet the standards of society by owning and acknowledging about these trends, then advertising is the most convenient way to seek information about anything new in market or new trends. This is the reason that ads are getting a huge amount of popularity in our society and they are everywhere, does not matter whether we are in a public place or at h ome, does not matter you are interested in these ads and message they are conveying you, there is always something or someone chasing us for giving unwanted suggestions or information. According to the corporation that sponsored these ads, they merely want people to now about their product that is better than the other one. But all these efforts and billions of dollars being spend just to communicate or giving a moment of think wisely? Do these advertisements are really not havingShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Advertising On Our Society1504 Words   |  7 Pagesunrealistic ideology of body perfection. This kind of product pushing comes with many different side effects that we as a consumer, might not realize. It is so detrimental that it becomes imbedded in your subconscious. Technology has made it to the point where it’s hard to tell what is real and fake. Advertising has created a pandemic in the way we view the body image of ourselves and the opposite sex in society. The â€Å"perfect† image is damaging to people causing an alarming growth in the form of psychologicalRead MoreEffects Of Advertising On Children And The Overall Effects It Has On Our Society1404 Words   |  6 Pageshave been many ethical debates on its rightness; is advertising to children a gentle persuasion of the innocent or a sinister threat to our society? There’s too much as stake if we remain silent and simply assume that marketing companies have our children’s best interests at heart; the truth is they don’t. This paper will explore to implications of marketing to children and the overall effects it has on our society. I will argue that advertising to children is a social problem. In the first partRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Advertising on Society 1585 Words   |  7 PagesIn a society where malls have replaced parks, churches and community gatherings, many people no longer take time to meet their neighbors; people move frequently as th ough cities are products to be tried, like differing brands of shampoo. These unfortunate occurrences can be the result of many causes, one of them being advertising. Advertising is designed to foster a desire to purchase goods and services, yet it is much deeper than that—advertising is a system of effective manipulation that twistsRead MoreCritique on Advertising in Our Society1034 Words   |  5 PagesCritique On Advertising In Our Society A critique on the impact of advertising in our society. Consider visuals and verbal or written language. (1000 words) The impact of advertising on our society is a fiercely debated topic, and has been ever since the conception of advertising in its most basic form. There are negative and positive social and economic impacts upon society from advertising in its various forms. For instance, advertising promoting public welfare has a positive social impactRead MoreEssay about The Power of Advertising 1374 Words   |  6 PagesAdvertising has been defined as the most powerful, persuasive, and manipulative tool that firms have to control consumers all over the world. It is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. Its impacts created on the society throughout the years has been amazing, especially in this technology age. Influencing people’s habits, creating false needs, distorting the values and prioritiesRead More Advertising: the good and bad Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pages Advertising is a persuasive communication attempt to change or reinforce one’s prior attitude that is predictable of future behavior. We are not born with the attitudes for which we hold toward various things in our environment. Instead, we learn our feelings of favorability or unfavorability through information ab out the object through advertising or direct experience with the object, or some combination of the two. Furthermore, the main aim of advertising is to ‘persuade’ to consumer in orderRead MoreAdvertising: the Good and Bad Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertising is a persuasive communication attempt to change or reinforce ones prior attitude that is predictable of future behavior. We are not born with the attitudes for which we hold toward various things in our environment. Instead, we learn our feelings of favorability or unfavorability through information about the object through advertising or direct experience with the object, or some combination of the two. Furthermore, the main aim of advertising is to ‘persuade to consumer in order toRead MoreThe Degenerative Influence of Advertising on Society Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesAdvertising is designed to foster a desire to purchase goods and services, yet it is much deeper than that—advertising is a s ystem of effective manipulation that twists the mentalities of those subjected to it. It shapes people’s views of the world and warps their connections to each other. Therefore, advertising not only shapes their personal values but also distorts them until their principles no longer come from within them. Thus, in my opinion, advertising, unless deeply rooted in high ethicalRead MoreNegative Effects Of Advertising On Society713 Words   |  3 PagesSociety is constantly being exposed to loads of information through advertisements, but not many people stop to think of the effects of such exposure. Consumer’s lack of regard for the information thrown at them is a gateway for shady corporations to poison innocent minds. Society has an unknown poison- advertisement. Massive corporations get away with influencing the minds of unsuspecting masses by merely stating that advertisements from their company simply inform the public. Advertising can haveRead MoreEffect Of Advert ising On Society Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesTalking about advertising, on the one hand, it is good for its functions, displays, etc.; on the other hand, sometimes it is too good to be true, the way they bring the messages to the consumers which state â€Å"the number one †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . What truly are the miscommunications and how do the viewers react to different types of stimulation among those, are there negative or positive results? This review of literature scope was led by the following question: When it comes to communication and advertising are there positive

How Did Foreigners Influence Hawaii free essay sample

Sharee Paat Period- 3 12-10-09 How Did Foreigners Influence Hawaiians? In January of 1778, Captain Cook discovered the Hawaiian Islands. Many foreigners from around the world began to arrive, introducing many new things to the Hawaiians. Foreign influence brought trade to Hawaii, which gave Hawaiians metal and guns. Even though foreign influence had some positive effects on Hawaii, I believe that foreign influence had a negative impact on Hawaii because trade brought not only guns and metal, but it also led to famine, disease, debt, and the eaths and lessening of the Hawaiian population. In 1778, Captain Cook and his men stopped in Hawaii during the Hawaiians season of Harvest. The Hawaiians believed that Cook was the God Lono. Captain Cook took advantage of this and began to trade with the Hawaiians. The Hawaiians wanted metal because it had some value as gold. Captain Cook traded iron nails with the Hawaiians, in exchange; the Hawaiians gave him 60 pigs per nail. We will write a custom essay sample on How Did Foreigners Influence Hawaii? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Hawaiian women slept with Cooks men in exchange for nails, which led to the spread of diseases to the Hawaiians. Captain Cooks arrival had a negative influence on the Hawaiians because he took advantage of the Hawaiians resources by trading excessively and he allowed his men to spread venereal diseases to the Hawaiian women, spreading to many Hawaiians. Soon after Cooks visit to Hawaii, many foreigners from around the world arrived to trade with Hawaiians. Many foreigners wanted to trade with the Hawaiians for their Sandalwood. Hawaiian chiefs commanded the commoners of Hawaii to cut down sandalwood trees after seeing all the good things they could trade it for, like billiard ables and guns. All the Hawaiians labor was used to cut down sandalwood trees rather than growing and harvesting food for their families. This led to starvation and famine, killing many Hawaiians. The cutting of the sandalwood trees soon ended after the Hawaiians ran out of resources. Because there were no more sandalwood trees, the chiefs were unable to pay off their debts to foreign traders. Trade with foreigners had a negative effect on Hawaii because it led to famine, death, debt, and the destruction of their land. Trade caused more problems to the Hawaiians than Just famine and debt. Trade introduced alcohol to the Hawaiians, which they used to face with their problems caused by debt and death. Because the Hawaiians had nothing to eat, they turned to prostitution to help them get food and other necessities. The Hawaiian women sold their bodies and the men became sailors to attract people who would pay to sleep with the women. Prostitution increased the spread of diseases, killing more Hawaiians. Foreign influence caused diseases, debt, and deaths. Therefore, foreign influence had a negative impact on Hawaii. Foreigners introduced many new things to the Hawaiian Islands such as; guns, iron, and trade. Although some of these changes made by foreign influence werent all that good, the Hawaiians learned more about foreigners and their way of life. Foreign influence had a negative impact on Hawaii which led to venereal diseases that killed hundreds of thousands of Hawaiians, debt, prostitution, alcoholism, the destruction of their homeland and poverty.

The future of the global business environment

Introduction In the past as Albrecht Sack (2010) point out businesses have relied institutional information like accounting to make choices pertaining the growth of a business organization. Traditionally, information would be compiled and analyzed to make a report that would form a basis for decision making. Before the decision was concluded and implemented the business organization consulted expertise for accurate translation of the reports.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The future of the global business environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This procedure was cumbersome and costly. Besides challenges with the cost and time, obtaining information was difficult for shareholders. The businesses also had to keep up with the competition posed by other players (p. 5). Ferguson in the first episode Dreams of Avarice of the video series The Ascent of Money reveals that the historical events that have taken pl ace in relation to money are of relevance to understanding the global business environment in the future. He highlights practices that have been used in the past, and are being used and those likely to be used in the future. Practices such as borrowing and lending of finances, how it grew from shylocks and borrowing to bank loans which led to the credit cards. This essay will discuss the future of global business environment using the first episode dreams of avarice. The future of the global business environment The future of global business environment is changing to technological advancement. Information storage and retrieval are advantages that come with the use computerized systems in banking. The information is also made easily accessible for processing of information and there are fewer error experienced as would have been with paperwork. The cost is remarkably low. It relieves the shareholders of large sums that would be used obtain data. Information exchange in business Exch ange of information has become easy as digitalized devices have been made affordable to citizens. In addition there are computer programs designed specifically to meet the needs of banking and therefore data presentation as well as transmission is conducted in a straightforward manner.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The use of credit facilities by citizens is an example. The credit cards are used to pay for services or goods on credit. The card bears information about the client’s bank details. During the transaction, information is exchanged, the card is authenticated and then the client is able to purchase goods and services. The future of the global business environment is universal as Albrecht Sack (2010 p. 5) indicates. The inaccessible parts of the world are slowly being made reachable through the developments in infrastructure. Roads are being built. In the p ast the wars that took place in the world cause major damages to infrastructure and crippled businesses. As a result banking institutions were closed. This is revealed in the dreams of avarice because as it portrays, every war that happened in the world has affected the finances of institutions. Some gain while others loose. Universalism and Developments and business environment Developments and universalism has made it possible for people to access both imported and locally produced goods in localities. People can pay overseas products recognized universal credit cards. Into the bargain, developments in transport system have contributed to the completion of companies to sell their product to possible consumers. The competition is going to be more advanced because recent developments make availability of information accessible to those who need it and those who do not. Financial institutions and business environment The banking system is not immune to this competition and the free f low of information. The financial institution whether private or state owned will fight to dominate the consumer market as evident in Ferguson dreams of avarice. Competitors have information about other financial institution such that the slightest changes would be detected immediately and measures of correcting the alteration be employed within the shortest period possible.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The future of the global business environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The global business environment is dominated by the power that also controls the economy. The dream of avarice shows them that power is concentrated among few financial institutions that set the pace for the rest. To improve the financial income, an institution can borrow and expand its range of services to improve on the income. Borrowing is therefore seen as an inevitable to realize the dream of being a millionaire. The powerful f inancial institutions set the ladder for competition so high so that they maintain their superiority. The borrowing firm must conform to the laid down instructions of the company that lends as it has always been. The powerful institutions led to gain more revenue as the get interests from the lending. The client’s needs are taken as the priority in organization. The goals and objectives of the company major on customer satisfaction. In order to make huge profits, the organizations must meet the client’s needs adequately, efficiently and effectively. For instance, client’s instant solutions and the credit card are widely used. They can purchase utilities and pay for them later. In this case, the client will use their credit card to purchase goods and services on credit and pay later. The credit is given without collateral. Credits are given on the assumption that the client will pay. The process involved in paperwork on borrowing and time are eliminated as the cr edit card brings a lot of convenience. The future of the globalised business environment will have fewer people trained in the financial accounting as new software being used has replaced them. Thus there is going to be few experts whose main task will be to invent computer software that can be used to for accounting and financing. Using their expertise they can make large sums of money after they establish their business. The dreams of having a lot of money is the driving force of many and therefore people are determined to make money at the slightest opportunity. Share holders will invest only in the dominant institution as they are assured of making revenue if they invest in organizations that have the power. This is because over time business theories that have been used in the past have become outdated and investors would wish to make millions by investing with those who dictate the market (Albrecht Sack, 2010, p. 7).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In future, the banking industry is likely to modify its strategy in order to make use of short term opportunities. These opportunities last within a specific period favored by certain conditions and the organizations can make a lot of money. This environment requires administrators who make accurate choices within the shortest period possible. Decisions made consider the option that will lead to maximum benefits in order to gain the millions. It is possible for other financial institutions to emerge. They bring with them new innovative of ideas making the competition steeper. The new companies meet the wants of the customer as they use available information as well as research to come up with the new ideas. The existing companies modify their services not to lose clients. The main purpose of creating other institutions is to make services available to consumers and get revenue in the competition. Competition benefits the client because they receive quality goods and services. For in stance credit facilities enable clients to expand their businesses. The future global business environment will require experts who are conversant with the modern systems of business. Accordingly, new careers will emerge. They will be capable of working in a dynamic and changing world that is full of contest. For this reason, they will be responsible of helping the organization survive from unpredictable market trends. These risks will require specialized business deals like contracts. In future technology will be much advanced. New software’s that are created after a short period are likely to be more superior. As already observed, technology has reduced the bulkiness that was experienced during storage of data. In the days to come, data will be stored in storage devices that are small in size offered by banks become outdated within a short time (Albrecht Sack, 2010, p. 9). Employees will be recruited for shorter contract in the future global business environment. The compe tition in the markets make product last for a short time. Workers thereby live with job insecurities because projects taken on contracts can only be extended only if they are relevant in the time and bring income. According to Albrecht Sack (2010) risks in the globalised business environment can be a used in a business to be successful. The important thing is to be able to manage the risk. The risks are evident in contracts that are made without certainties of returns as well as the credit facilities given to clients (p. 9). The future global business environment will have different mechanisms of administration and strict controls in the finances. The traditional budgeting process and the procedures used making future plans will be abandoned. This is due to the nature of the market which is constantly changing. To be able to maximize on profits, the organization must make the arrangement for raising capital for a new project flexible. This is because delays in allocation of resourc es of a certain service might lead to loss of clients and loss of profit. Products such as bank statements have been replaced by technology and financial institutions must quickly change to the use of technology to give statements online like other banks. Consequently, the bureaucracy in organizations will be faced out as devolution in management is being adopted in the global environment. Therefore decision making and implementing changes will be made in time. Furthermore, management information will be available to more employees. Conclusion The dreams of avarice have always guided the economic actions of financial institutions. Over time people have formed revolutions and even gone to war with a motive to accumulate wealth. As an initiative to develop institutions and individuals have borrowed money to expand and increase their wealth. In the modern global business environment there are changes that will lead a global economy. The future will be dominated by the use of technology to make it possible to acquire money easily. There are also short term contracts that capitalize on opportunities in the dynamic environment to make profits. Consequently, experts with understanding about the dynamic environment will be used to make quick and accurate decisions. Reference List Albrecht, W. S Sack, R. J. (2010). Accounting education series. Accounting Education: Charting the course through a perilous future, 16 chapters 2. Retrieved from: http://aaahq.org/ This essay on The future of the global business environment was written and submitted by user RoxanneSimpson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Mrs Wanda

Mrs. Wanda On July sixth, 1988, I turned five years old. It had been a difficult year. My parents were going through a tough divorce, and as much as a five-year-old could be bitter, I was. About three months after my dad moved out of our house, my mom got a new job. Of course this new job did not appeal to me at all. My mom had always been home with us. She had quit working when I was born, and had always devoted every second of her time to me. The only solution to the mom-going-to-work-thing was a babysitter. Mom began to take interviews in our living room every afternoon. As every nanny left, my head was the first to shake from left to right. I was a very aware five year old (and very spoiled too, so that didn’t help much). But for some reason my mom always listened to me. Because we were without a babysitter, we spent every day for about a month with my grandmother. One late August afternoon my family was called in to Deautrive Hospital. My great grandmother was sick and had been rushed there in an ambulance. A puzzled feeling came over me as I got out of the car. As I entered the hospital a stench arose in my nose. It was the scariest place that I had ever encountered. I slowly walked towards my grandmother’s room and my mom opened the door. She was laid out in a large hospital bed with her feet propped up. Nurses came in and out, giving her IVs and medicine. There was one particular nurse that stayed by her side the entire time. She was an African American lady of medium build with a sweet and concerned voice. It seemed as if we were in they hospital for hours. Throughout the time that we were there this one particular nurse kept me occupied. After a while, my mom and the nurse began to talk. My mom told her that she was looking for a babysitter. Within a week, the nurse called my house and an interview was set up. Kindergarten was beginning in a week, and we had just returned from buying school supplies at Wal-Mart. About... Free Essays on Mrs Wanda Free Essays on Mrs Wanda Mrs. Wanda On July sixth, 1988, I turned five years old. It had been a difficult year. My parents were going through a tough divorce, and as much as a five-year-old could be bitter, I was. About three months after my dad moved out of our house, my mom got a new job. Of course this new job did not appeal to me at all. My mom had always been home with us. She had quit working when I was born, and had always devoted every second of her time to me. The only solution to the mom-going-to-work-thing was a babysitter. Mom began to take interviews in our living room every afternoon. As every nanny left, my head was the first to shake from left to right. I was a very aware five year old (and very spoiled too, so that didn’t help much). But for some reason my mom always listened to me. Because we were without a babysitter, we spent every day for about a month with my grandmother. One late August afternoon my family was called in to Deautrive Hospital. My great grandmother was sick and had been rushed there in an ambulance. A puzzled feeling came over me as I got out of the car. As I entered the hospital a stench arose in my nose. It was the scariest place that I had ever encountered. I slowly walked towards my grandmother’s room and my mom opened the door. She was laid out in a large hospital bed with her feet propped up. Nurses came in and out, giving her IVs and medicine. There was one particular nurse that stayed by her side the entire time. She was an African American lady of medium build with a sweet and concerned voice. It seemed as if we were in they hospital for hours. Throughout the time that we were there this one particular nurse kept me occupied. After a while, my mom and the nurse began to talk. My mom told her that she was looking for a babysitter. Within a week, the nurse called my house and an interview was set up. Kindergarten was beginning in a week, and we had just returned from buying school supplies at Wal-Mart. About...

How to Make a Lichtenberg Figure

How to Make a Lichtenberg Figure Lichtenberg figures are branching structures formed by an electrical discharge on or inside of an insulator. The structures take their name from Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, the physicist who discovered and studied them. Although you can  make your own Lichtenberg figure using polyethylene sheets and talcum powder, there is an easier method you may wish to try. Lichtenberg Figure Materials Sharp metal object (e.g., awl)Insulator (e.g., sheet of acrylic)Photocopier toner Make a Lichtenberg Figure Position the metal object so that only its tip is touching the surface of the insulator.If you have a Wimshurst machine or Van de Graaff generator handy, discharge it through the metal point into the acrylic. (Gray Matter has a cool video of what happens if you use a particle accelerator to create the Lichtenberg figure. Note that the hammer is insulated, thus preventing that persons skin from displaying a Lichtenberg figure. Be careful!)If you dont have a machine, youll have to generate static electricity another way, like by dragging your feet through a shag carpet and zapping yourself on the metal object... fun!In either case, you will create a Lichtenberg figure across the surface of the acrylic, radiating outward from the metal point. However, you probably wont be able to see it. If you (carefully) blow toner powder across the surface of the acrylic, the Lichtenberg figure will be revealed.

Practitioner Values in Dementia - Portfolio 2 Essay

Practitioner Values in Dementia - Portfolio 2 - Essay Example 872). These symptoms have been very evident on one of my residential home care patients named Ms. X. Ms. X is an 80-year old residential home care patient who is pleasant and receptive. She does not want to ask the help of others frequently but acknowledges the advice of the medical practitioners. Although her doctor told her that she has memory problems, Ms. X reports that it does not affect her daily life, except that her niece has to remind her of most of the things to do like turning the stove after cooking, closing the faucets, and even looking for her eyeglasses. Ms. X does not want to take a bath. Often, she would yell at me if I tell her that it’s time to take a bath. As she is receptive towards the help of others, she always insists on dressing up herself but got confuse and wears her underwear over her regular clothes. She wants to do the cooking and laundry in the nursing home but her frequent forgetfulness often leads to accidents such as making the residential hom e care at risk for fire and switching the powdered milk for laundry detergent. When I would remind her of these things that she cannot do, she would yell at me and humiliate my caring abilities. I felt much stressed about the full-time responsibilities of caring for Ms. X in the residential home care setting and this stress has escalated over the past few months because of the frequent yelling of Ms. X. She is also very impatient towards the nursing care I’ve given to her and there comes a time when I would like to quit from caring her but got guilty feelings towards these thoughts as there is no nearby family who could help her. In a case like this, I began to question myself of how would I personally explore and incorporate issues relating to my best interest, advocacy, and empowerment. Then, maybe, I have not yet fully understand the situation of Ms. X. I could have understood her clinical situations but not her personal shortcomings. It was not easy to have dementia and w orst, to be far away from your family which serves as your major social support in life. In addition, it must be also sad for her that she does not have a partner in life which could help her in her fight for dementia. If I would explore and incorporate issues related to my best interest, I would probably resign and request to not take good care of Ms. X as her frequent yelling is humiliating my status and morals as a nurse. However, I also think that staying and caring for her would also be promoting my best interest as this experience will help me grow professionally and will guide me in handling future patients with dementia. In the latest report of (http://nursingstandard.rcnpublishing.co.uk, 2013), the nurse has the full responsibility in exploring and incorporating issues of advocacy; thus, being a patient advocate may mean that a nurse assists, defends, pleads, or prosecutes for the patient while having collaboration with other professionals. In the case of Ms. X, I should ac t as an advocate in referring to the medical provider her progress report while inside the residential h

Hanukkah Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Hanukkah - Research Paper Example This account contains many of the elements that would evolve into the contemporary holiday. During this period it was indicated that a single candle be lit per household a night; a second option being that a candle be lit for each member of the family. This practice would carry on throughout a number of incarnations into the modern holiday.  Ã‚     There are a number of religious practices associated with the Hanukkah holiday. One of these rituals is the daily prayer service that occurs throughout Jewish homes and Jewish temples during the Hanukkah holiday. There is also a special prayer that occurs after nightly meals. Following the nature of the holiday season, Hanukkah is generally accompanied by families visiting each other and celebrating with elaborate feasts, with lots of fried foods (Gur 2008). While not required, each of the eight-days is generally accompanied by gift giving that slightly mirrors the Christmas holiday. Still, perhaps the most overarching ritual is the li ghting of the candles on each of the eight days. The lights can be candles or oil lamps and on each proceeding night a new light is added to the ceremony, until the final night with eight lights. Three main blessings occur during the Hanukkah celebration. The first night all three blessings are recited; however, on the other nights, only two of the blessings are recited. While there are elements of the Hanukkah holiday that are universal among all sects of Judaism, there exists some differentiation.

Essay about recent hate crimes and statistic Essay Example for Free

Essay about recent hate crimes and statistic Essay Lifeless bodies with slashed throats were found in the mountains of Virginia nearly six years ago. This is quite a disturbing image; the unfortunate result of a hate crime. What exactly is a hate crime? The American Psychological Association defines hate crimes as violent acts against people, property, or organizations because of the group to which they belong or identify with (1). The different groups usually involved include homosexuals, ethnic groups, and religion affiliations. Dr. Jack McDevitt, a criminologist at Northeastern University in Boston, said hate crimes are forms of messages the offender wants to send to members of certain groups letting them know they are unwelcome in that neighborhood, community, school or workplace (APA, 1). According to CNN.com, Darrell David Rice of Columbia, Maryland, was found guilty of committing the 1996 slayings of hikers Julianne Marie Williams and Laura Lollie Winans, who were the girls in the opening disturbing image. Rice is serving an 11-year sentence in federal prison in Petersburg, Virginia, for attempting to abduct and kill a female bicyclist in the same park in 1997. U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft called the killings of Williams and Winans hate crimes and said Rice could also receive the death penalty, in addition to the present sentence (Frieden, 1). Examples of hate crimes provided by Stephen Wesslers Addressing Hate Crimes: Six Initiatives include (3):  ·the dragging death of African-American James Byrd, Jr., in Jasper, Texas  ·the deadly attack on Matthew Sheppard, a gay student in Laramie, Wyoming  ·the shooting rampage targeting minority citizens in Chicago  ·the shootings of children at a Jewish community center in Los Angeles  ·the murder of Joseph Santos Ileto, a Filipino-American mail carrier A report done by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) states that 7,947 hate crime incidents were reported. In 1995, a comparison of states showed that California was at the top of the charts with 1,751 incidents reported, and Florida stood with 164 incidents (2). The total number of hate crimes only decreased by less than a hundred between 1995 and 1999. While these numbers may seem relatively small, the Southern Poverty Law Center has posted more dramatic statistics: every hour someone commits a hate crime, every day eight blacks, three whites, three gays, three Jews and one Latino become hate crime victims, and every week a cross is burned (1). In order to prevent the hate crimes from occurring, different things are being done in order to prevent and deal with the hate crimes. In schools, the Anti-Defamation League websites suggests planning ahead by doing the following (1): 1.Work with your school administration to establish a plan for responding promptly to hate incidents and hate crimes. 2.Educate school staff on how to recognize hate-motivated incidents and hate crimes. 3.Establish procedures for reporting hate-motivated incidents/crimes. 4.Establish school policies which clearly indicate that hate-motivated behavior will not be tolerated. On a wider scale, since the 1980s research on hate crimes has increased, especially from those in the fields of criminology and law enforcement. There focus is primarily on reporting the frequency of the problem and preparing criminal justice responses to it. While many hate motivated crimes go unreported, the number of reported incidents is up. However, with special training, people are prepared to deal with the situations. According to Wessler, the first professionals to respond to the scene of a hate crime are police officers. How they act in the situation will affect  the outcome of the incident. Wessler stated, law enforcement agencies have a pivotal role in responding to, investigating, prosecuting, and preventing hate crimes. Training is given to the police officers in order to carry out their role. Wessler said the training includes how to recognize and investigate potential hate crimes, have clear protocols on how to respond to hate violence, and develop innovative programs for preventing the hate crimes. Along with the professional training of police personnel, laws against hate crimes have been enforced in some states. As of 1999, there are only eleven states that do not have hate crime laws: South Carolina, Hawaii, Wyoming, New York, Kentucky, Rhode Island, New Mexico, Kansas, Arkansas, Georgia and Indiana. The anti-hate laws may not be well known but there are some out there. For example, the Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act provides assistance to state and local law enforcement agencies and amend federal law to streamline the investigation and prosecution of hate crimes. This bill will change the already existing law, adding crimes against sexual orientation, gender, and disability. This law also allows authority to respond to all crimes covered by the existing law, meaning crimes based on race, color, national origin, and religion (1). The number of hate crimes is slowly being decreased and the number of laws against hate crimes is slowly being increased, but the truth is, they are still out there. It may seem impossible to eliminate all the hate crimes that are occuring, but with more research, training, and handling each situation as they arise more seriously, America is slowly on its way to eliminating the problem of hate crimes. Works Cited American Psychological Association. 1998. Anti-Defamation League. 1999. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Uniform Crime Reports. 1995. Frieden, Terry. 10 Apr. 2002. National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. NGLTF Communications Department. 25 Sep. 2002. Southern Poverty Law Center. Wessler, Stephen. Addressing Hate Crimes: Six Initiatives That Are Enhancing the Efforts of Criminal Justice Practitioners. Feb. 2000.

The Continual Oppression of the Homeless :: Essays Papers

The Continual Oppression of the Homeless The story of Eric Blair, also known as George Orwell, shows many aspects of poverty. Eric goes about everyday life that is completely and utterly different from every aspect of the average Americans life. He tells of various characters that are all attempting to escape the possessive hands of poverty. Each character has their own way of dealing with poverty. The problem is that none of them seem to escape. The stem of the problem can be found in many aspects of the book. The attitudes of the homeless, the operation of such homeless shelters as â€Å"The Spike†, along with the practices of the pawnshop and the actions of the coworkers all contribute greatly in oppressing the poor. There are also many characters that play a role in keeping the poor down. The first one that will be discussed is the role of the tramps play in their own oppression. Oppression is not something that can be forced on someone. It is something that they must accept and find to be true in order not to fight it. This brings up the issue the feelings deep inside a tramp that Orwell brings up. â€Å"Indeed, when one sees how tramps let themselves be bullied by the workhouse officials, it is obvious that they are the most docile, broken-spirited creatures imaginable† (202). This proves the first point that the only reason that those in this destitute class remain oppressed is because in essence they are allowing themselves to be oppressed. In order for the destitute homeless people to move up in the world they must prove first to themselves that they should not be oppressed. By allowing oppression, they are supporting it. Not only do the homeless not fight it but they admit themselves that they are not worthy of being praised. This attitude is exemplified by Boris in his talk with Orwell when Orwell first arrives and finds work as a plongeur, â€Å"Do you think a plongeur can afford a sense of honour?† (60). In saying this, Boris is proving the feelings that lurk behind those that work the low class jobs. They feel that they are so low that they do not even deserve their own honor. By not believing that they are worthy of their own honor they continue to hold themselves down.

How My Personal Values Influence My Way of Teaching

Relating philosophy to pedagogy – how my personal values influence my way of teaching Within any early childhood education (ECE) setting the pedagogy of the educators will have great impact on the programmes and philosophies which the children within that setting will be influenced by. Teachers have a responsibility to build and maintain authentic, open, reciprocal relationships with children, families and the community (Gailer, 2010).This is not only an integral part of the early childhood curriculum Te Whariki which has relationships as one of its four foundation principles (Ministry of Education [MoE], 1996) but also part of the teaching standards and ethics. As a teacher I relish in the chance to build relationships with many different children, all unique in their culture, strengths, ideas and way of being. The importance I place on relationships sits well with both Vygotsky’s and Bronfenbrenner’s sociocultural theories. Vygotsky emphasised the importance of the people surrounding a child, seeing them crucial for supporting and enhancing the child’s development.Bronfenbrenner extended this into a model of contextual factors, using ideas about five kinds of contexts surrounding the individual child including their micro- and meso-systems where the interactions of their day-to-day realities occur (Drewery & Bird, 2004). These theories have been vital in the development of New Zealand’s early childhood curriculum, Te Whariki, and so my understandings of these and with my personal philosophy I hope to have the skills to be able to build respectful reciprocal relationships with all learners. Building these relationships however is not as easy as people outside of the profession often assume.Appendix 2 shows Suzie Gailer’s (2010) article on being professional, the article discusses how professional integrity of practice is reliant on teachers having a particular set of values, respect, authenticity, empowerment and trans parency. The image of the child is culturally constructed and linked to our time and place in history, the image I have as a teacher today of children is very different to that of which I was viewed as a child. My image of the child has altered as I have gained both practical and theoretical teaching experience.In my first practicums I did not necessarily know what to expect about building initial relationships with children but as I have gained knowledge I now know that children can be trusted to build these relationships in timeframes which are right for them. Te Whariki (MoE, 1996) presents the image of children as competent learners and communicators and I now uphold this image in my teaching practice and as a parent (Appendices 3, 4 & 5), along with the values of respect which I have articulated through the following of Magda Gerber’s work.From my own relatively limited practical experience and theoretical knowledge I can relate to the notion of Edwards & Nuttall (2005) where â€Å"the pedagogy, or ‘the act of teaching’, is not only mediated by educators’ understandings about the children, learning, and the curriculum; their understandings about the social settings in which they work, their personal experiences beyond the workplace and their engagement with the centre’s wider community all have a role in determining the educator’s actions† (p. 36).My own underlying beliefs, values and philosophies all impact on my teaching style and, although often unconsciously, on the way I relate to individuals. Commitment to reflective practice, the personal philosophy I have articulated and the desire for professional development will aid me in holding true to a pedagogy which is responsive in time as well as to individuals. This pedagogy with its identified aspects of assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation is influenced by my values and experiences and I attempt to explain and reflect upon these in this es say.The main assessment process I use is ‘Learning Stories’, an approach developed by Dr. Margaret Carr. Learning stories show a snapshot of a learning experience which has been shared with the child or children involved and are a record of the interests and strengths of the child. Research shows that learning is more effective when it is derived from interests, encouraging motivation and the sense of confidence that comes from working within one’s own strengths.The learning story framework is based on the belief that developing good learning dispositions is the most important skill in early childhood and this fits well with my values of respect and having the Te Whariki image of the child, a confident, competent learner and communicator. The foundations of learning stories are the dispositions found in Te Whariki and in my own learning stories these are highlighted, showing fellow educators, parents and whanau how I work to support children’s learning in all aspects of the programme and curriculum (Appendices 4, 6 & 7).Upholding this image of children in practice is however met with challenges. Woodrow (1999) describes how there are resulting constructions of childhood based on how individuals experienced childhood, on cultural artefacts and on professional knowledge, Ellen Pifer (2000) also describes these conflicting images in her book Demon or Doll (Appendix 8) which has truly opened my mind to ways of seeing individuals. Other teaching professionals may hold different images of children such as the child as innocent or as an embryo adult and this will impact on the way they act around and towards children.Having a commitment towards reflective practice and regularly evaluating my personal pedagogy will allow me to deal with these challenges, giving me the skills to explain my viewpoint and understand that of others so that the best possible outcome is achieved. To undertake such assessment it is important to build a relationship with the children and these reciprocal relationships are another key part of my philosophy.This value has changed with my experience and theoretical knowledge, in my initial practicum I was unsure about how to go about building relationships that are both respectful and reciprocal (Appendices 9 & 10) but my confidence in this has, and will continue, to grow (Appendix 11). I believe that building a reciprocal relationship means sharing aspects of my life with children and not expecting them to reveal themselves without the favour being returned. I have a huge passion towards animals and I have shared this with the children on my last two practicums by taking along my guinea pigs (Appendix 12).The children feel aspects of empowerment and trust as I allow them to be intimately involved with a very important part of my personal life. Building such relationships prior to undertaking assessment highlights the spiral nature of teaching and the aspects of pedagogies. Taking the guinea pigs to the centre required planning and careful implementation, including discussion with staff and families to ensure cultural needs were met. Some cultures do not agree with the keeping of animals as pets and in order to uphold the respectful image of the child and relationships with the family and community I needed to accept and respect this belief.The centre policies and legislation also play a role in planning and implementation, health and hygiene regulations needed to be considered for this activity and for others many different policies will come into play. For further assessment and planning the involvement of colleagues and whanau in the learning stories and other documentation would play a vital role in the continuation of the interest but unfortunately the short nature of the practicum did not allow for this.Cultural needs and matches weight heavily in the planning and implementation stages of my pedagogy. This is linked to all the values in my philosophy; relationships, r espect and equity. These values mean that I believe in focussing on skills and talents rather than on deficiencies to create learning environments, for example respecting that crying is a valid attempt at communication and can be a qualified learning experience (Appendix 11). Nyland (2004) describes how the participation rights and contexts of infants’ knowledge can be overlooked in childcare settings.On-line discussions with fellow students regarding this reading give support to the idea that disrespectful environments adversely affect the identity and participation of children. What happens in an environment when an identity is missing altogether and children are faced with images of white middle class able bodied members of society? What message is that giving to these children and their families? You don’t belong? You are not a real member of our society? We don’t value you? The environments we plan for the children speak volumes about how we view society an d the people we respect and value (Ellis, R. , Fuamatu, P. Perry Smith, A. M. Moodle; September 2011). During planning I therefore need to think ahead about resources which reflect the cultures within the setting and the community. This can be achieved through communication with other educators in the setting, parents, and other members of the community such as kaumatua or the local priest. Planning for social occasions is also important to me as I feel they link the ECE setting with the wider community and social values. This includes events such as Mother’s and Father’s day (Appendix 13) as well as cultural occasions such as the Lantern Festival, Diwali and Pasifika events.Although during such planning I am mindful of the goals and learning outcomes which Te Whariki and the teaching standards present I also constantly remind myself of the holistic nature in which the learning will occur. Lawrence (2004) describes the shift in thinking and programme planning in ECE se ttings over the past two decades, from keeping children busy to planning cycles and then Te Whariki. Lawrence clarifies that although the word planning is still used; it is not in the traditional sense of the word but rather can be seen as â€Å"reflectively responding to children’s thinking (p. 16). † An example in her rticle shows how the learning experience of children can be very different to that pre-planned or expected by the teacher (Appendix 14). A challenge presents itself where teachers have been trained and had experience in times where different planning programmes were utilised, disagreeing views and beliefs can lead to conflict within teaching teams and a dedication to reflective practice is required by all parties if favourable outcomes are to be reached. This reflective practice is a vital part of the evaluation process of my pedagogy. What worked? What didn’t work? Where do I go from here?Schon (2002) described how the entire process of reflecti on-in-action, where our knowing is in our action, is central to the skill practitioners have in dealing with situations of uncertainty, instability and uniqueness as well as valuing conflict. Holding true to a value where children are respected as individuals and valued for their own unique set of skills, uncertain and unique situations are inevitable in the day-to-day practice of an ECE setting. With the set of reflective skills I now possess I hope to be able to turn these situations of uncertainty into ones of learning, for both myself and children involved.With continuing professional development and an ever increasing amount of practical experience I feel I am in good stead to continue my career as an early childhood educator and support the children within my influence to grow up in line with the aspirations of Te Whariki, â€Å"competent and confident learners and communicators †¦ a valued contribution to society† (MoE, 1996, p. 9). References Drewery, W. & Bird, L. (2004). Human Development in Aotearoa: A journey through life. (2nd ed. ). Sydney, Australia: McGraw-Hill. Edwards, S. & Nuttall, J. (2005).Getting beyond the ‘what’ and the ‘how’; Problematising pedagogy in early childhood education. Early Childhood Folio, 9, 34-38. Gailer, S. (2010). Being professional: First, do no harm! The First Years: Nga Tau Tuatahi. New Zealand Journal of Infant and Toddler Education, 12(2), 19-24. Lawrence, R. (2004). Making sense of planning – A teacher’s story. Early Education, 36, 15-19. Ministry of Education. (1996). Te Whariki: Early Childhood Curriculum / He Whariki Matauranga mo nga Mokopuna o Aotearoa. Wellington, New Zealand: Learning Media. Nyland, B. (2004).Infants, context and participation rights: An Australian image. The First Years: Nga Tau Tuatahi. New Zealand Journal of Infant and Toddler Education, 6(1), 19-22. Pifer, E. (2000). Demon or doll: Images of the child in contemporary writing and cultur e. Virginia, USA: University of Virginia Press. Schon, D. (2002). Reflection-in-action. In A. Pollard (Ed. ). Readings in reflective teaching (pp. 5-7). London, England: Continuum. Woodrow, C. (1999). Revisiting images of the child in early childhood education: Reflections and considerations. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 24(4), 7-12.

Howard Zinn on Democratic Education Essay

Upon reading the book, Howard Zinn on Democratic Education, I felt a lot of questions I had regarding education was answered. I had always regarded education as something liberating, something that would be able to teach students how to become enlightened. That is why I read a lot of books. But regarding my schooling, I questioned why we are loaded with so much homework and tests, we end up not deeply understanding anything at all, because there is no time to process all the information. It is as if our schooling stunts our educational growth. Yet, the irony of it is they teach us so much facts of how, where, when, who, and what, but I had this nagging suspicion that teachers were hiding vital information from us. I did not know what exactly, but I always felt something was missing because I could not connect what I learned in school to what was happening to our country as I watched the news. It was as if there was a missing link, a key that would make everything make sense. Yet, as the years in the academe passed, I encountered no such link. Until now. It was as if my youthful objections found validation. I had always felt that my schooling lacked feeling. All these hard facts were discussed as if they did not involve people. We really never knew, through history, how terror felt when planes during the World War II flew overhead, or triumph when the war was declared over. It is not anybody’s fault. I think, history cannot be studied; it has to be lived. Although in my opinion, it can be remedied. Instead of sitting in classrooms all day, reciting facts, we should focus on gathering our own information regarding events. This does not mean reading even unassigned readings. I have always thought that people are not foolish. Each individual has a unique story, if we only care to listen. We should experience learning, and this can only be done by going out of the classroom, and learning from living people. After all, the papers our books are made up of were once living things too. The critical question now is, what now? Now that we possess such knowledge, what must we do with it? Knowledge that is not followed by action is a dead thing. We could start through transforming our own classroom, if we are to teach, or even in our own homes. Drop-out rates are not surprising due to the fact that so few kids feel remotely connected to their schooling. If we involve these kids, make them see that it is also their classmates’ loss if they do not attend classes, they can be pulled back into the academe. To do this, they must be able to feel that they can contribute something to the discussion, whether it be a question or an opinion. We must impress upon our minds that there are no right or wrong questions or opinions. Each comes from a different background (hence a different culture), so we must be patient and understanding. We must also find tangent points; we must connect the academe with their lives. We must do away with the notion that scholars have ivory towers. We must reconnect. Because this is what education does. It reconnects people with other people. It reconnects people with ideas. It reconnects people with opportunities. It reconnects people with hope. If all the attendants in a classroom participate freely and energetically, actively molding their curriculum to suit their individual needs, we will have captured the essence of a democratic education. Through this, we will have a truly democratic country. References Schugurensky, D. (2005). Howard Zinn on Democratic Education. International Journal of Citizenship and Teacher Education , 1, 99-100.

6 Steps For Building Your Author Mailing List

6 Steps For Building Your Author Mailing List 6 Steps for Building your Author Mailing List through Giveaways One of the main questions that torment debuting authors is: how do I build an audience for my first book before I release it? Most authors are aware that they should start building their author mailing list months in advance, they just don’t know how.  Of course, that’s easier said than done, especially if you haven’t published anything yet. But it’s not impossible to do, even while you’re writing your first book.Someone who has had some success in this area is Derek Murphy. Derek has been a longtime friend of Reedsy, and been in the business of publishing for quite a few years now (check out his cool site creativindie.com). He’s a great book designer and has helped a lot of authors with their marketing efforts. Recently, Derek decided to write his first fiction book (a YA novel). But before that, he wanted to build an audience for it. In an exclusive interview with us, he explains how he was able to build an author mailing list of 10,000 r eaders, from scratch, in less than a week.â€Å"One of the easiest ways to get a lot of sign ups quickly is to offer free giveaways. It’s much easier than trying to build great content that people share. I’ve been doing that for a long time and it takes work. Even if it’s really good you aren’t going to get that many shares or follows or likes. A contest is really pretty powerful.† – Derek MurphyYou can watch the full interview here, or read the post below where we condensed the information into a nice step-by-step guide (because that’s what we do!). Share the interview: Here's how to build an author mailing list of 10,000 readers, from scratch, in less than a week. 1. Set up your author mailing list and create an automated email sequenceYour first task is to set yourself up on Mailchimp. Once you have created your account, a signup form will show up. You can customise this form, share it on your author website, or any social media platforms you have. Start small, signing up friends and family and create an automated email sequence for every new subscriber who signs up.Maintain a single list of all your subscribers and segment it according to particular interest groups. This is so you can tailor your newsletters  according to the prizes you have to offer. Create a warm automated email sequence that encourages readers to interact with you. 2. Decide on the â€Å"giveaway† Facebook Ads for Authors (with Mark Dawson) Read post Target influential people in your genre. This is Derek’s tactic: â€Å"I made an email list of maybe 500 book bloggers in my genre and all the ‘BookTubers’ who talk about and review YA books on YouTube†¦ those are influencers, who have the traffic and platforms already, so I email all them about the contest†.Facebook targeted advertising is another approach to consider. Drive up subscribers to your author mailing list by targeted advertising to groups, pages or people. Find genre-specific pages to post your ads on so they are shown to people who are likely to enjoy  the  giveaway.â€Å"The nice thing about giveaways is that other people share for you. I will do targeted Facebook advertising to reach maybe a 1,000 people, and those people will share really hard†¦ they will promote the giveaway to all their friends...it’s not exactly going viral but you get quite a bit of traffic† – Derek MurphyThere are other platforms you can promote your giveaway on such as StumbleUpon’s Paid Discovery, Reddit’s advertising platform and promoted posts on Twitter.  Also consider collaborating with other authors or people who are also giving away prizes. If you do a shared competition promoting both of your products, you are pooling the contacts you both have, doubling the potential for subscribers. "The nice thing about giveaways is that other people share for you." – @Creativindie 5. Convert giveaway subscribers into a loyal fanbaseThere is some criticism of building an author mailing list through giveaways. After all, there is no guarantee that subscribers will be interested in your work simply because you are offering free prizes. So how do you create a loyal fanbase from this?â€Å"Most authors are probably not using the mailing list right. They are probably giving away free stuff and then trying to sell their book right away†¦ That’s not going to work. First you must educate them about who you are: they are signing up for free stuff, they don’t know that I’m an author yet. There are ways to slowly introduce them to that idea, and it’s not by selling them my book.† – Derek MurphyContinue with smaller campaigns, particularly using Gleam or Rafflecopter that link to your author blog and websites which subscribers can read if they want to. This process needs to happen gradually as an indirect way to introduce your list to the fact you are an author.â€Å"I won’t try to sell my books to this list† says Derek. â€Å"I’m mainly using it for free downloads and book reviews. If I can give away a thousand copies of my book and I give them a reason to go download it and review it I can probably get a couple hundred reviews in the first couple days of my launch†. Reviews are essential for the successful marketing of a book. "You need to be getting thousands of downloads to get hundreds of reviews". You cannot achieve this if you start charging for your book too early as a first-time author. Your giveaway subscribers won't be receptive to the 'hard sell'. Build a relationship with them first. 6. Keep in touch with your fanbase regularlySend out a monthly newsletter to your author mailing list, such as ‘My top 10 books for December 2015’ so contestants keep opening your emails. Give a brief review of each one and an Amazon link where they can buy the book. This will also provide you with cash flow through the Amazon affiliate program.Eventually, contact your list telling them there are no more giveaways. This will be a way of finding out where your true fanbase lies. Even if the majority of people unsubscribe to your emails, the aim would be to have 1,000-2,000 people who are genuinely interested in your work who will be willing to buy your books in the future. Eventually, clean up  your list by telling your subscribers there are no more giveaways. ConclusionThere’s one thing we haven’t mentioned yet: costs. Giving stuff away is not free, all the more if you’re promoting the giveaway through advertising. Derek’s campaign cost him around $600-700 (full breakdown here).This sounds like a lot. However, it is not uncommon for authors to spend this amount on marketing with no clearly defined results over a much longer time period. The difference with this approach is after the initial costs, you can instantly reconnect with your subscribers for free in the future. As we say in the interview, â€Å"you build your own personal Bookbub list†.What are  your strategies for growing your author mailing list? Have you ever tried giveaways? Let us know about your experiences, or ask Derek any question, in the comments below!

Definition and Examples of Trademark

Definition and Examples of Trademark A trademark is a distinctive word, phrase, symbol, or design that identifies a product or service and is legally owned by its manufacturer or inventor. Abbreviation, TM. In formal writing, as a general rule, trademarks should be avoided unless specific products or services are being discussed. Exceptions are sometimes made when a trademark (for example, Taser) is better known than its generic equivalent (electroshock weapon).The website of the International Trademark Association [INTA] includes a guide to the proper use of more than 3,000 trademarks registered in the U.S. According to the INTA, a trademark should always be used as an adjective qualifying a generic noun that defines the product or service [for example, Ray-Ban sunglasses, not Ray-Bans]. . . . As adjectives, marks should not be used as plurals or in the possessive form, unless the mark itself is plural or possessive (such as 1-800-FLOWERS, MCDONALD’S or LEVI’S). Examples and Observations Band-AidChap StickCrock-PotDolbyFormicaFreonFrisbeeHacky SackHooverJacuzziJeepJet SkiKleenexLoaferLycraMaceNaugahydePlaybillPopsicleRollerbladeSkivviesSporkTaserTeletypeVaselineVelcroWindbreaker Originally trademarks, these common names are now regarded as generic names: aspirinbundt cakecellophanedittodry iceescalatorgranolaheroinkerosenelinoleumLPminibikenylonpogosticktarmacthermostouch-tonetrampolinewedgieyo-yozipper

BP Case Alaysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BP Case Alaysis - Article Example It is through the development of such strategies that the company was able to gather double the information it used to from the system, while reducing the IT cost budget by a third. The leadership is well structured so that each leader has a role to play, different from the other, an aspect that helps to eliminate the conflict of interests and create effectiveness efficiency in the way the system operates. Worth noting is the fact that BP has delegated some of its role to service providers, to enhance its smooth operations. For example, the HR issues are addressed by Exult. The change of the leadership hierarchy from eight levels separating the top management less hierarchical one, allowing the business units to operate independently, is a big leadership achievement. This has seen the company integrate with other four companies through merger and acquisition. Decision-making is done through peer groups that have shared core values. The company values socialization and consensus in re aching its decisions. Regarding the technology environment, to this company, technology is the basis for everything. It has been applied to create business innovations, improve the undertaking of operations, and act as a tool for use to gain competitive advantage (Margaret, 1999) .The Company though faced with challenges of educating its employees on technology use and applications, has integrated this as one of the major objective the management must address. This is due to the important role that technology plays in the operation of the company. This saw it create a web page for learning, with self-service courses by 2001 (Margaret, 1999).The speed of adopting and utilizing new technology is thus one of the company’s strategies. The interaction of the company with its environment is one that is worth emulating. As relating to the organizational environment, the company interacts with the wider global community through the internet. The company has taken the

Concept of Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Concept of Operations - Essay Example The systems development lifecycle starts with the product plan, followed by the phase deliverables, the concept development, the requirements definition, the preliminary design, and goes all the way to project completion. Therefore, prior to preliminary and detail design steps, it is important that the requirements of the system are defined in line with the concept being developed. A concept of operations thus outlines these requirements by incorporating the user’s views or ideas. It means that any systems engineer needs to address these requirements as being the functional concepts, as well as being the perspectives of the system users and customers. The CONOPs should ensure that components that are less important are either done away with or minimized. The most common critical aspects in SDLC include the current system that the client needs to overhaul, the reasons for a new system, a detailed explanation of the proposed system, and the operational factors of the system by the user, both external and internal. In this light, analysis of CONOPs ensures that the operational needs of the user are addressed without necessarily getting lost in detailed technical aspects. This helps in meeting the set timelines of the project

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing - Essay Example Marketers have to pay close attention to different aspects of marketing both in real and digital marketing techniques; therefore their key responsibility is to develop an integrated linkage between the psychological images of product portrayed through various marketing techniques. In summary, customer should be provided with a realistic view of the product through marketing, so that he does not feel betrayed while utilizing the product for the first time, thus nullifying the possibility of overpromising. 2.0 Literature Review However, this concept is ill-defined according to the present literature of marketing (Cornelisson, 2003), so more empirical study is warranted for concerning this important topic. IMC is reported to have a positive impact on the brand image of the product (Reid, Luxton, & Movondo, 2005), through this technique products can be advertised worldwide in minimal financial implications. Another study is of the view that marketing combines, historical evidence, presen t development and future implications of a product upon customer’s quality of life. But conventional advertisement methodologies were not able to communicate these aspects of the product (Finne & Gronroos, 2009). Therefore, the promotional activities focused on the present development of the product, in this way customer could not relate the past, present and future with the product, this caused the impact of marketing to drop in the past. However, the availability of electronic media, such as internet streaming video technology, provides a ground for marketers to integrate the three times of a product in front of customers and prospects. IMC is also believed to be highly flexible in nature and could be used to market wide range of products and services. (Luck & Moffatt, 2009). Hence this method for marketing is based on the concept of highlighting abstractive qualities of the product, such as good looks in case of clothing and ease of access for a website. The phenomenon und er study is also designed to build customer linkages on personal level, because advertisements appear touchy and very moving on internet and social sites (Smith, 2010). Thus help in building a customer base for a product. But at the same time the product which is advertised through IMC, must be available in the market, so that customer could be facilitated while making purchase decision. Advertisers are compelled to use various marketing channels to cater for various types of customers; however the intactness of message’s meaningfulness is a significant challenge for business professionals (Zavrsnik & Jerman). IMC is vastly accepted in the advertising of hotels and other services (Comm, Saura, & Rijeci, 2009) . This paper turns its focus towards analyzing the famous cases of implementing IMC in a real world setting by The See-board Energy and Ice hotel AB. These organizations belong to very different businesses, but the applicability of IMC could be highlighted by the analysi s of these two campaigns. First of all, this

Comparing Systems Theory and Grounded Theory

Comparing Systems Theory and Grounded Theory Summarize what you have learned about the similarities and differences among the approaches. Qualitative research is an activity that locates the observer in the world. Qualitative research consists of a set of material and interpretive practices that make the world visible. They turn the world into a series of representations, including field notes, conversations, interviews, recordings, photographs, and memos to the self. At this level, qualitative research involves an interpretive, naturalistic approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena regarding the meanings people bring to them. (Denzin Lincoln, 2005, p. 3). Grounded theory is a set of procedure to conduct qualitative research in order to develop a personalized theory for a study (Charmaz, 2009). Grounded theory is used by a lot of researchers however most have proven to use the theory incorrectly as researchers do not understand the full scope of this method (Charmaz, 2009). A narrative inquiry is founded on the principle that each person has a story which gives meaning to their life. Narrative inquiry derives from the phenomenology approach, this type of research includes collecting stories, connecting a meaning to these stories and linking them to the research participants experiences (Trahar, 2009). Researchers often gather stories through word of mouth, notes or historical references (Patton,2015). Researchers that choose this approach believes that stories, organize and shape their experiences (pg. 128). One challenge that researcher has that use a narrative inquiry is sorting through the stories to collect valid data (Patton, 2009). One type of writing that researchers use for a narrative inquiry is autoethnographic, this kind of writing involves writing in multiple layers of consciousness (Patton, 2009). Systems theory is the study of multiple systems. Within the Human Services field, workers are work to incorporate social science insights toward improving the quality of life communities and individuals (Systems Theory, 2005). Systems theory explores the structure of complex systems, it also explores how each system is comparable to each other and as well as the whole system (Systems Theory, 2005). Human Service workers use systems theory to understand to get a better idea of the relationship between families, individuals, societies and institutions. Workers seek to learn how a system functions, what parts of that system will have a potential negative impact on a client. Ethnography is a research method that relies on first-hand experiences of participants (Miller, 2015). Some studies require that the researcher engages in the study and only observe (Miller, 2015). Ethnographic researchers typically use observations, documents, and interviews as data collection techniques (Miller, 2015). Participatory Action Research is a subset of action research. Within participatory action research a study is conducted to investigate a social problem with the aim to take action on the identified issue. This approach is more commonly used to solve a sociopolitical problem. Describe how what youve learned by developing the matrix has allowed you to choose the approach that you plan to use for your research plan in this course. Identify the approach you intend to use for your research question. Using the phenomenological approach, the research question that this learner will explore is what is the lived experience of a female, Army, military spouse, coping with challenges associated with their partners transition from active duty military to civilian life? The best approach that fits this research question is the Moussakas Heuristic research approach using qualitative methods. Moussakas has three approaches hermeneutics, heuristic, and empirical phenomenological research (Creswell, 2009). The heuristic approach starts as a question or a challenge that has the potential to an impact of a social issue (Creswell, 2009). In the heuristic approach, researchers gather knowledge by learning about the participants life experience (Creswell, 2009). From the life experience of the participants, a depiction is made. In-depth interviews will allow the participants to give details on how the military to civilian, transitional period affects the spouse as well as the relationship; phenom enology would allow for the spouses to provide details of their experience in their words. Describe your rationale for your choice of approach. References Charmaz, Kathy. Grounded Theory. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. 2003. SAGE Publications. 24 May. 2009. . SparkNotes Editors. (2005). Systems Theory. Retrieved July 8, 2016, from http://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/development/ Miller, M. A. (2015). Academic Advisors of Military and Student Veterans: An Ethnographic Study. Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 63(2), 98-108. doi:10.1080/07377363.2015.1042997

ordinary people :: essays research papers

Tantilizer5510 [10:54 PM]: you do know i trust you completely right even though it may seem like i'm playing and u shrugging me off all the time? AfGiRl233 [10:57 PM]: ok Tantilizer5510 [10:59 PM]: it may seem foolish to trust you since u have a closeknit group of friends who u probably prefer greatly over me Tantilizer5510 [10:59 PM]: but i honetly see something different in you Tantilizer5510 [11:00 PM]: something that feels comforting to me AfGiRl233 [11:00 PM]: what do you mean Tantilizer5510 [11:03 PM]: well I don't wanna bother u, stress u out, or have u think of me as weird or strange anymore than u have been ever since we first met but... AfGiRl233 [11:03 PM]: yah? Tantilizer5510 [11:04 PM]: there is something about you, It can't be called chemistry because thats when the two people involved feel equally for each other. Tantilizer5510 [11:05 PM]: but i can say that even though u treat me kind of harshly a good amount of the time i still feel a need to keep striving AfGiRl233 [11:07 PM]: jeffrey, i mean your nice and everything, but i just dont see tht happening between us, im sorry, but you make me feel really bad when you say stuff like that AfGiRl233 [11:07 PM]: i thought u liked laura neway Tantilizer5510 [11:07 PM]: i look at it from ur perspective from time to time and realize how weird this must be for you and thats why i'm gonna leave u alone from now on Tantilizer5510 [11:08 PM]: i wasn't looking for a rejection i was merely making a statement AfGiRl233 [11:09 PM]: ok well whatever, your making me out to be the bad person AfGiRl233 [11:09 PM]: but yoour putting me in a weierd position, and i dont like it Tantilizer5510 [11:10 PM]: no i'm a bad person for putting u in this situation and i aplogize Tantilizer5510 [11:10 PM]: lol don't worry bout a thang no more alright steph AfGiRl233 [11:11 PM]: yah Tantilizer5510 [11:11 PM]: everything is gonna workout fine Tantilizer5510 [11:11 PM]: for jsut about every one Tantilizer5510 [11:12 PM]: this is just like Undressed or some shit like it Tantilizer5510 [11:15 PM]: I like to consider myself a man of the future. It's always nice to live in the moment, but it's our current actions which will determine where we end up in the future and if things aren't the way I'd like them to be right now; then I always will have the future to look forward to.

Risk Threat Vulnerability

————————————————- Week 2 Laboratory Perform a Qualitative Risk Assessment for an IT Infrastructure Learning Objectives and Outcomes Upon completing this lab, students will be able to: Define the purpose and objectives of an IT risk assessment * Align identified risks, threats, and vulnerabilities to an IT risk assessment that encompasses the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure * Classify identified risks, threats, and vulnerabilities according to a qualitative risk assessment template * Prioritize classified risks, threats, and vulnerabilities according to the defined qualitative risk assessment scale * Craft an executive summary that addresses the risk assessment findings, risk assessment impact, and recommendations to remediate areas of non-complianceLab #4: Assessment Worksheet Perform a Qualitative Risk Assessment for an IT Infrastructure Overview The following risks, threats, and vulnerabilities were found in an IT infrastructure. Consider the scenario of a Healthcare provider under HIPPA compliance law and what compliance to HIPPA involves. 1. Given the list below, perform a qualitative risk assessment: Determine which typical IT domain is impacted by each risk/threat/vulnerability in the â€Å"Primary Domain Impacted† column. Risk – Threat – VulnerabilityPrimary Domain ImpactedRisk Impact/Factor Unauthorized access from pubic InternetLAN – WANHighUser destroys data in application and deletesLANHigh all files Hacker penetrates your IT infrastructure and gains access to your internal network System / ApplicationsHigh Intra-office employee romance gone badUser DomainLow Fire destroys primary data centerLan DomainHigh Service provider SLA is not achieved System / ApplicationsLow Workstation OS has a known softwareLAN – WANMedium vulnerability Unauthorized access to organization owned User DomainHigh works tations Risk – Threat – VulnerabilityPrimary Domain ImpactedRisk Impact/Factor Loss of production dataLANHighDenial of service attack on organization DMZ and e-mail serverLAN –WANHigh Remote communications from home office LAN server OS has a known software vulnerability User downloads and clicks on an unknown unknown e-mail attachment Workstation browser has software vulnerability Mobile employee needs secure browser access to sales order entry system Service provider has a major network outage Weak ingress/egress traffic filtering degrades performance User inserts CDs and USB hard drives with personal photos, music, and videos on organization owned computers VPN tunneling between remote computer nd ingress/egress router is needed WLAN access points are needed for LAN connectivity within a warehouse Need to prevent eavesdropping on WLAN due to customer privacy data access DoS/DDoS attack from the WAN/Internet 2. Next, for each of the identified risks, threats, and vulnerabilities, prioritize them by listing a â€Å"1†, â€Å"2†, and â€Å"3† next to each risk, threat, vulnerability in the â€Å"Risk Impact/Factor† column. â€Å"1† = Critical, â€Å"2† = Major, â€Å"3† = Minor. Use the following qualitative risk impact/risk factor metrics: â€Å"1† Critical – a risk, threat, or vulnerability that impacts compliance (i. . , privacy law requirement for securing privacy data and implementing proper security controls, etc. ) and places the organization in a position of increased liability â€Å"2†Major – a risk, threat, or vulnerability that impacts the C-I-A of an organization’s intellectual property assets and IT infrastructure â€Å"3†Minor – a risk, threat, or vulnerability that can impact user or employee productivity or availability of the IT infrastructure 3. Craft an executive summary for management using the following 4-paragraph format. The executive summary must address the following topics: * Purpose of the risk assessment & summary of risks, threats, and vulnerabilities found throughout the IT infrastructure * Prioritization of critical, major, minor risk assessment elements * Risk assessment and risk impact summary * Recommendations and next steps Week 2 Lab: Assessment Worksheet Perform a Qualitative Risk Assessment for an IT Infrastructure Overview Answer the following Assessment Worksheet questions pertaining to your qualitative IT risk assessment you performed. Lab Assessment Questions & Answers . What is the goal or objective of an IT risk assessment? 2. Why is it difficult to conduct a qualitative risk assessment for an IT infrastructure? 3. What was your rationale in assigning â€Å"1† risk impact/ risk factor value of â€Å"Critical† for an identified risk, threat, or vulnerability? 4. When you assembled all of the â€Å"1† and â€Å"2† and â€Å"3† risk impact/risk fa ctor values to the identified risks, threats, and vulnerabilities, how did you prioritize the â€Å"1†, â€Å"2†, and â€Å"3† risk elements? What would you say to executive management in regards to your final recommended prioritization?

Journalist and Pr Relationship

1. The question for the essay is â€Å"Journalism and Public Relations: Symbiosis or Parasitosis? † Journalists and Public Relations (PR) practitioners interact with each other everyday as part of the process of news production. Journalists communicate towards public relations practitioners with requests for information or material to help produce the stories they are writing. While public relations practitioners advise stories and deliver journalists with information they have created themselves in hope to be published in the newspaper.The relationship between journalists and public relations practitioners is, and has always been, complicated. The relationship between these two is one of mutually dependency if not symbiotic, but also ambivalent if not hostile. This ambiguous relationship has arisen due to the misconception of the outlook and the values of each profession. Shin and Cameron (2004) deem both parties bring conflict to the relationship through the nature of their roles and goals, and the values, attitudes and views they hold of each other (Callard, 2011).Journalist perception on public relations practitioners has a negative connotation to it, often troubled by the often about the levels of ‘information subsidy’ (Gandy, 1982) in the context of the way in which public relations material is able to shape the news by providing information that enables them to conform to there own agenda. Whereas public relations are concerned with the misunderstood perspective journalists have upon the role that public relations play. (Charron, 1989) Journalists are said to strive for objectivity, fairness, accuracy, and balance, and do not withhold information, hide or advocate for particular agendas, or act unethically (Belz, Talbot, & Starck, 1989). Public relations is regarded as more subjective, serving the interests of the client first and foremost’ (White & Hobsbawm, 2007) Although the tensions between the to industries may be strained , this is a relationship based on need n order for each other to succeed, whether each of them will admit it. . Even though they may have differences, both professions have the similar objectives created around there public. The main intention of journalism profession is to provide it public with accurate, reliable trustworthy information to the general public. Public relations objective is to influence a certain target public, intended to influence the opinion of this audience to promote an individual or organisation that the firm is looking after.The ‘adversarial relationship' between the two professions is commonly viewed as journalists being the gatekeepers who serve the public through offering them ‘a window to the world' (Singer, 1998) and public relations practitioners subsequent  the ‘press-agentry’ model (Grunig and Hunt 1984) where the purpose of the practitioner is to expand publicity for their particular organisation through controlled ‘i nformation dissemination'. But in an ever-competing world the tables have begun to turn, with journalist not being as pure as they make out to be.Journalists have a responsibility to an unspoken ethical code to produce stories of truth and reliability, as journalists are the source between the public and it knowledge of news information. Foxification as well as the news of the world scandal has tampered the perception of trust worthy journalism. Foxification was the misrepresentations of facts to the public by the fox network for the purpose of perpetuation their prejudiced conservative agenda and profit gain.Which was the same found with the news of the world scandal early last year, where unethical conduct in order to gain profit. So the foundation of apprehensive that journalism has on public relations becomes unjustified. The central elements to the functioning amongst journalist’s and public relations relationship is the subject of access to information. In an era where news is produced and consumed as fast as possible, the Internet has provided media with a new platform to serve its publics with the most up-to-date news. But evidently this no longer means that journalists have he day to write a story for the next day’s paper, journalist are looking at having to produce any where between 6-10 stories every time they enter the newsroom. 3. In March 2010 10 hard-copy news papers where analyised on Australia news and commentary website Crikey and the Independent journalism which concluded that nearly 55% of the stories discover were driven by some sort of public relations influence. The requirement of journalists doing more with less has insured the relationship between the two professions is securely bound together fostering a dependence on PR practitioners and their public relations materials.It is this demand placed upon each profession, which has manufactured what we now know as ‘churnalism’ the practice of journalists churning through press releases to manufacture news content as quick as possible the reader. Journalists are being asked to do more with less resources . . . forcing them to rely more and more on information from public relations practitioners . . . they are being forced increasingly into reactive, passive positions rather than pursuing their own investigations. (Gower, 2007, p. 2-3) Churnalism. om invites people to paste press releases on to the site and compare the copy with more than three million articles published by national newspaper websites, the BBC or Sky News since 2008. The site then offers a percentage score indicating how much of the release was copied and pasted by journalists. One of the founders of the Churnalism site Chris Atkins produced a fake press release about a â€Å"chastity garter† containing a micro-chip which would send a text message to the woman’s partner communicating of the partner was about to be unfaithful, to show how influential public relat ions press on the content of journalists stories.The story became the most read story on the Daily Mail’s website for that particular day. And was then repeated by many media outlets including that of a USA morning television show. This example just highlight the extent to how much journalist rely on the content that public relations practitioners have provided them with in order to produce stories. But this also placed an ethical responsibility upon public relations to produce press 4. releases, which are truthful as public relations practitioners rely on journalist to use these to promote their organisation.In the case of both public relations and journalism the related notions of trust and truth are central to their professional activities. The importance in creating a strong trustworthy relationship with journalist even more crucial to public relations practitioners as this is their main source of contact with their target publics. Public relations agencies aim to build a n ongoing relationships with journalists as the better relationships they can build, the more influence they can exert on the media.A journalist is more likely to pay attention to a press release that's timely, from a known source and targeted to the specific journalist's need. So it is a public relations practitioner job to make sure they know and understand the style and sought stories each journalist would report on, making it more likely for their press release to be picked up. Making it crucial to insure that the press releases are informative and truthful.Public Relations practitioners will offer journalists media kits, face-to-face meeting and invite them to private lunches and launches gaining an exclusive scoop to create a goodwill relationship between the two parties. But as public relations is the primary contact between organisations and the media, public relations people can control the access to information given to journalist, enabling them tremendous lead way in nego tiating with journalists. It’s a bit of you scratch my back I will scratch your back type on partnership. In today’s world, public relations and journalists go hand in hand.Journalists and public relations practitioners play distinct roles in their individual professions. On a whole public relations and journalism work together in order to achieve the same ultimate goal. Approaches may be different but both professions are mutually dependent upon one another and as well as one of symbiotic. In order to move forward with media coverage, both journalism and public relations need become accustom to the presents of each profession as by accepting what each party has to offer allows both industries to get ahead. Journalist and Pr Relationship 1. The question for the essay is â€Å"Journalism and Public Relations: Symbiosis or Parasitosis? † Journalists and Public Relations (PR) practitioners interact with each other everyday as part of the process of news production. Journalists communicate towards public relations practitioners with requests for information or material to help produce the stories they are writing. While public relations practitioners advise stories and deliver journalists with information they have created themselves in hope to be published in the newspaper.The relationship between journalists and public relations practitioners is, and has always been, complicated. The relationship between these two is one of mutually dependency if not symbiotic, but also ambivalent if not hostile. This ambiguous relationship has arisen due to the misconception of the outlook and the values of each profession. Shin and Cameron (2004) deem both parties bring conflict to the relationship through the nature of their roles and goals, and the values, attitudes and views they hold of each other (Callard, 2011).Journalist perception on public relations practitioners has a negative connotation to it, often troubled by the often about the levels of ‘information subsidy’ (Gandy, 1982) in the context of the way in which public relations material is able to shape the news by providing information that enables them to conform to there own agenda. Whereas public relations are concerned with the misunderstood perspective journalists have upon the role that public relations play. (Charron, 1989) Journalists are said to strive for objectivity, fairness, accuracy, and balance, and do not withhold information, hide or advocate for particular agendas, or act unethically (Belz, Talbot, & Starck, 1989). Public relations is regarded as more subjective, serving the interests of the client first and foremost’ (White & Hobsbawm, 2007) Although the tensions between the to industries may be strained , this is a relationship based on need n order for each other to succeed, whether each of them will admit it. . Even though they may have differences, both professions have the similar objectives created around there public. The main intention of journalism profession is to provide it public with accurate, reliable trustworthy information to the general public. Public relations objective is to influence a certain target public, intended to influence the opinion of this audience to promote an individual or organisation that the firm is looking after.The ‘adversarial relationship' between the two professions is commonly viewed as journalists being the gatekeepers who serve the public through offering them ‘a window to the world' (Singer, 1998) and public relations practitioners subsequent  the ‘press-agentry’ model (Grunig and Hunt 1984) where the purpose of the practitioner is to expand publicity for their particular organisation through controlled ‘i nformation dissemination'. But in an ever-competing world the tables have begun to turn, with journalist not being as pure as they make out to be.Journalists have a responsibility to an unspoken ethical code to produce stories of truth and reliability, as journalists are the source between the public and it knowledge of news information. Foxification as well as the news of the world scandal has tampered the perception of trust worthy journalism. Foxification was the misrepresentations of facts to the public by the fox network for the purpose of perpetuation their prejudiced conservative agenda and profit gain.Which was the same found with the news of the world scandal early last year, where unethical conduct in order to gain profit. So the foundation of apprehensive that journalism has on public relations becomes unjustified. The central elements to the functioning amongst journalist’s and public relations relationship is the subject of access to information. In an era where news is produced and consumed as fast as possible, the Internet has provided media with a new platform to serve its publics with the most up-to-date news. But evidently this no longer means that journalists have he day to write a story for the next day’s paper, journalist are looking at having to produce any where between 6-10 stories every time they enter the newsroom. 3. In March 2010 10 hard-copy news papers where analyised on Australia news and commentary website Crikey and the Independent journalism which concluded that nearly 55% of the stories discover were driven by some sort of public relations influence. The requirement of journalists doing more with less has insured the relationship between the two professions is securely bound together fostering a dependence on PR practitioners and their public relations materials.It is this demand placed upon each profession, which has manufactured what we now know as ‘churnalism’ the practice of journalists churning through press releases to manufacture news content as quick as possible the reader. Journalists are being asked to do more with less resources . . . forcing them to rely more and more on information from public relations practitioners . . . they are being forced increasingly into reactive, passive positions rather than pursuing their own investigations. (Gower, 2007, p. 2-3) Churnalism. om invites people to paste press releases on to the site and compare the copy with more than three million articles published by national newspaper websites, the BBC or Sky News since 2008. The site then offers a percentage score indicating how much of the release was copied and pasted by journalists. One of the founders of the Churnalism site Chris Atkins produced a fake press release about a â€Å"chastity garter† containing a micro-chip which would send a text message to the woman’s partner communicating of the partner was about to be unfaithful, to show how influential public relat ions press on the content of journalists stories.The story became the most read story on the Daily Mail’s website for that particular day. And was then repeated by many media outlets including that of a USA morning television show. This example just highlight the extent to how much journalist rely on the content that public relations practitioners have provided them with in order to produce stories. But this also placed an ethical responsibility upon public relations to produce press 4. releases, which are truthful as public relations practitioners rely on journalist to use these to promote their organisation.In the case of both public relations and journalism the related notions of trust and truth are central to their professional activities. The importance in creating a strong trustworthy relationship with journalist even more crucial to public relations practitioners as this is their main source of contact with their target publics. Public relations agencies aim to build a n ongoing relationships with journalists as the better relationships they can build, the more influence they can exert on the media.A journalist is more likely to pay attention to a press release that's timely, from a known source and targeted to the specific journalist's need. So it is a public relations practitioner job to make sure they know and understand the style and sought stories each journalist would report on, making it more likely for their press release to be picked up. Making it crucial to insure that the press releases are informative and truthful.Public Relations practitioners will offer journalists media kits, face-to-face meeting and invite them to private lunches and launches gaining an exclusive scoop to create a goodwill relationship between the two parties. But as public relations is the primary contact between organisations and the media, public relations people can control the access to information given to journalist, enabling them tremendous lead way in nego tiating with journalists. It’s a bit of you scratch my back I will scratch your back type on partnership. In today’s world, public relations and journalists go hand in hand.Journalists and public relations practitioners play distinct roles in their individual professions. On a whole public relations and journalism work together in order to achieve the same ultimate goal. Approaches may be different but both professions are mutually dependent upon one another and as well as one of symbiotic. In order to move forward with media coverage, both journalism and public relations need become accustom to the presents of each profession as by accepting what each party has to offer allows both industries to get ahead.